Particulate matter and unregulated emissions of diesel engine fueled with 2-methylfuran diesel blends

Abstract

2-Methylfuran (MF), an environmental-friendly biofuel, has drawn extensive attention from fuel researchers. In this study, the particulate matter (PM) and unregulated emissions of diesel engine were investigated. All experiments were performed in a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine fueled with diesel–MF blends (10%, 20% and 30% mass fractions of MF were blended with diesel). The test conditions were a constant speed of 1800rpm and load from 0.13 to 1.13MPa brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). Among the tested fuels, the emissions of 1,3-butadiene, benzene and acetaldehyde are all decreased with the increase of engine load except benzene of M30 at 1.13 load. In addition, the diesel–MF blends promote acetaldehyde emissions, but reduce benzene and 1,3-butadiene emissions. At the engine load of 0.38MPa BMEP, with the increase of MF fraction in blends, more particle numbers for both nucleation mode and accumulation mode are yielded than pure diesel. At 0.88 and 1.13MPa BMEP, with the increment of MF ratio in blend fuels, the particle numbers rise at small diameter of particle (Dp) (5–10nm) compared to pure diesel, but decline at large diameter of particle (Dp) (10–250nm). The increment of MF blending ratio increases the particulate number concentration. Moreover, with the rise of MF mass fraction in the mixtures, the particulate mass concentration decreases gradually at above 0.63MPa BMEP. However, particulate mass concentration of M30 is the highest at lower loads.