Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

Maji Luo,Musaab O El-Faroug,Yinan Wang,Fuwu Yan

doi:10.3390/en10091263

Maji Luo, Musaab O El-Faroug + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/en10091263

Copy DOI

Abstract

The industrialization that increases day by day needs more and more power/fuel sources that are commonly available, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly. Recently, nearly all of the cities in China (PRC) have been influenced by haze. However, the pollutants from automobiles have always been seriously considered to be the main contamination causes of the haze and that influence human health. This study concerns the impact of hydrous ethanol on in-cylinder pressure, particulate matter (PM), and gaseous emissions (oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC)) from a port fuel injection (PFI) gasoline engine. Tests were conducted on a four-cylinder port injection gasoline engine at different engine loads at an engine speed of 2000 rev/min for commercial gasoline, hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends (10% and 20% hydrous ethanol by volume), and an anhydrous ethanol-gasoline blend (20% anhydrous ethanol by volume). The results show that the peak in-cylinder pressure with the use of gasoline was the highest compared with the hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blends. Compared with the anhydrous ethanol blend, the hydrous ethanol blends performed well at a high load condition, equivalent to a low load. In addition, the total particulate number (PN) declines with an increase in engine operating loads for all of the fuels tested. The outcome of this study is an important reduction in PM number, mass emissions, and mean diameters of particles as the use of hydrous ethanol blends increases, while the form of the particulate size distribution remains the same. Furthermore, the NOx emission is raised with a rise in engine load, and NOx and HC emissions are reduced with the use of hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blend as equated with pure gasoline. Moreover, the correlation between the total particle number against NOx and HC has been found; the number of particles increases when the NOx emission decreases, and the opposite trend is exhibited for the HC emission. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydrous ethanol blends look to be a good selection for PM, NOx, and HC reduction for gasoline engines.

Highlights

A significant task that people must take seriously is to decrease greenhouse-effect gas emissions caused by various human activities and reduce the reliance on crude oils
It was detected that the peak in-cylinder pressure with the use of HE0 was the highest compared with hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blends at both engine loads; this result may be attributed to the lower pressure in the intake manifold when ethanol is used as fuel, and the heat of vaporization of HE10, HE20, and E20 decreases the gas temperature in the cylinder, leading to a lower peak of in-cylinder pressure
At a high load condition, HE20 performed better equated to low load, most likely due to the existence of water involved in hydrous ethanol that led to a flame propagation and an improved combustion process due to the raised amount of

Summary

Introduction

A significant task that people must take seriously is to decrease greenhouse-effect gas emissions caused by various human activities and reduce the reliance on crude oils. The burning of fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, activities have been concentrated on the investigation of substitute energy sources for the sustainable are among the contributors to the emission of hazardous gases, such as particulate matter (PM), the progression of society and the global economy [1]. The burning of fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. Are among the contributors to the emission of hazardous gases, such as particulate matter (PM), The optimum candidate biofuels to replace gasoline are alcohols, which can be used in a neat form the oxides of nitrogen (NOx ), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere.

Methods

Results

Conclusion