Abstract
The discrete element method (DEM) is utilized to calculate the drag force on big spherical objects exerted by the cloud of small particles as they are subjected to an initial relative velocity. The drag force is calculated as the average over single collisions within a certain time interval. Then it is comparable to the calculated values obtained from Eulerian simulations, which are performed on the same particulate system by keeping the big spherical objects in discrete form and turning the cloud of small particles into a continuum phase. The DEM simulations indicate that the average drag force on a big particle in a cluster is lower than that on a single big particle. The decrease in drag force is even larger when the big particles in the cluster are arranged in an ordered configuration such as a simple cubic array. In Eulerian simulations, it is found that the model for kinetic viscosity plays an influential role in the calculated drag force. The two models known as Syamlal–O’Brian and Gidaspow models ...
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