Particle swarm optimization algorithm for the berth allocation problem

Abstract

The berth allocation is one of the major container port optimization problems. In both port operator’s and ocean carriers’ perspective, the minimization of the time a ship at the berth may be considered as an objective with respect to port operations. This paper focuses on the discrete and dynamic berth allocation problem (BAP), which assigns ships to discrete berth positions and minimizes the total waiting times and handling times for all ships. We formulate a mixed integer programming (MIP) model for the BAP. Since BAP is a NP-hard problem, exact solution approaches cannot solve the instances of realistic size optimally within reasonable time. We propose a particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach to solve the BAP. The proposed PSO is tested with two sets of benchmark instances in different sizes from the literature. Experimental results show that the PSO algorithm is better than the other compared algorithms in terms of solution quality and computation time.