Abstract
We present a new OCT method for flow speed quantification and directional velocimetry: particle streak velocimetry-OCT (PSV-OCT). PSV-OCT generates two-dimensional, 2.5-vector component (vx ,|vy |,vz ) maps of microscale flow velocity fields. Knowledge of 2.5-vector components also enables the estimation of total flow speed. The enabling insight behind PSV-OCT is that tracer particles in sparsely-seeded fluid flow trace out streaks in (x,z,t)-space. The streak orientations in x-t and z-t yield vx and vz , respectively. The in-plane (x-z plane) residence time yields the out-of-plane speed |vy |. Vector component values are generated by fitting streaks to a model of image formation that incorporates equations of motion in 3D space. We demonstrate cross-sectional estimation of (vx ,|vy |,vz ) in two important animal models in ciliary biology: Xenopus embryos (tadpoles) and mouse trachea.
Highlights
Optical methods are indispensable in the study of cilia-driven fluid flow [1]
Cilia-driven fluid flow plays a role in cerebrospinal fluid flow in the central nervous system and ova transport in the oviducts
Cross-sectional imaging of cilia-driven fluid flow is important for several reasons
Summary
Quantifying cilia-driven fluid flow has relevance in respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Cross-sectional imaging of cilia-driven fluid flow is important for several reasons. Since cilia-driven fluid flow is a surface-driven flow, it is important to localize flow velocity measurements with respect to the surface that is generating those velocities. Since cilia-driven fluid flow is not amenable to simplifying assumptions (e.g. parabolic velocity profile for Poiseuille flow), there are not straightforward models to which data can be fit. While three vector component information about parabolic flow can be inferred from, for example, one vector component measurements of vascular blood flow by modeling the vessels as a cylindrical tube [11–15], such model fitting is, in general, not possible for cilia-driven fluid flow
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