Particle-scale reversibility in athermal particulate media below jamming

Abstract

We perform numerical simulations of repulsive, frictionless athermal disks in two and three spatial dimensions undergoing cyclic quasistatic simple shear to investigate particle-scale reversible motion. We identify three classes of steady-state dynamics as a function of packing fraction φ and maximum strain amplitude per cycle γ(max). Point-reversible states, where particles do not collide and exactly retrace their intracycle trajectories, occur at low φ and γ(max). Particles in loop-reversible states undergo numerous collisions and execute complex trajectories but return to their initial positions at the end of each cycle. For sufficiently large φ and γ(max), systems display irreversible dynamics with nonzero self-diffusion. Loop-reversible dynamics enables the reliable preparation of configurations with specified structural and mechanical properties over a broad range of φ.