Abstract
Particle-laden flows can be observed in many scientific and engineering problems. The present study focused on the initial state of the shock–particle interaction when the total volume fraction is constant and the particles can be regarded as static. Three-dimensional (3D) particle-resolved simulations were conducted using a stratified multiphase flow model with Euler equations. We conducted a convergence study by keeping the total particle volume fraction constant and changing the number of particles (Np). Therefore, the particle size changed accordingly. The distributions of the root mean square (RMS) velocity, internal energy, kinetic energy, and turbulent kinetic energy were investigated. A quantitative analysis of the energy distributions in the upstream domain, particle-curtain domain, and downstream domain was conducted. Herein, we proposed a modified one-dimensional (1D) volume-averaged model that can be applied to a situation where a shock wave interacts with a spherical particle-curtain. The model predicts the appropriate artificial effective drag coefficient by fitting the positions of the reflected and transmitted shocks in the particle-resolved results.
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