Particle Pair Production in Cosmological General Relativity—Redux

Firmin J Oliveira

doi:10.4236/jhepgc.2020.61004

Abstract

We model the universe on the interaction of two cosmic particles based on the Cosmological General Relativity (CGR) of Carmeli and obtain a theoretical value for the Hubble constant h at zero distance and no gravity. CGR is a 5-dimensional theory of time t, space x, y, z and velocity v. A minimum cosmic acceleration a0=dv/dt=c/τ results from a linearized version of CGR, where c is the vacuum speed of light and τ is the Hubble-Carmeli time constant. The force due to the Carmeli acceleration a0 counteracts the Newtonian gravitational force between the two particles. Each particle is unstable and disintegrates into baryons, leptons and radiation. By the uniform expansion of the black body radiation field, we obtain the expression , where A is a constant, T0 is the temperature of the cosmic microwave background black body, Ωbphys is the physical baryon density parameter and pc ≈3.086×1018cm·pc-1. Using standard values for T0 and Ωbphys we obtain a value τ=(4.15121±0.00206) ×1017s, which gives a value for the Hubble constant at zero distance and no gravity of h=1/τ=(74.33982±0.03694)km·s-1·Mpc-1. From the value for τ, we get the age of the universe of (13.15467 ± 0.00653) × 109 years.

Highlights

Oliveira constant acceleration a0 = c τ due to the expansion of the universe [1] [2], where c is the speed of light in vacuum and τ is the Hubble-Carmeli time constant and where h = 1 τ is the Hubble constant at zero distance and no gravity
In the application of Carmeli cosmology to galaxy rotation dynamics, Hartnett [3] found that the dividing line between which the galaxy rotation velocity was explained by Newtonian dynamics and where it could be explained by Carmeli dynamics, respectively, was where the galaxy acceleration transitioned from greater than a critical value of (2/3)a0 to less than this acceleration
A key result of this thesis is showing that the initial mass m of the universe can be partitioned into the baryon mass mB = gm and the photon mass mγ= (1− g ) m at the time of nucleosynthesis

Summary

Introduction

Oliveira constant acceleration a0 = c τ due to the expansion of the universe [1] [2], where c is the speed of light in vacuum and τ is the Hubble-Carmeli time constant and where h = 1 τ is the Hubble constant at zero distance and no gravity. We assume that the universe of mass and energy began with the formation of two massive cosmic particles. The pair of neutral cosmic particles materialized from the vacuum and the Carmeli acceleration formed the force which opposed the gravitational force between them. Upon the disintegration of each particle, the remnant of baryons, leptons and photons are hypothesized to form two sub-universes enclosed in a sphere of radius RS = cτ. We will cover the essential ideas developed in detail there and while making a more rigorous derivation of our expression for the Hubble-Carmeli time constant

The Initial State of the Universe

Radiation Energy of the Universe in the Form of a Black Body

The Values of the Hubble-Carmeli Time Constant and the Hubble Constant

Baryon to Photon Number Density

Findings

Conclusions