Abstract
This paper demonstrates the effect of voltage rise time on phase synchronization in two parallel relativistic backward-wave oscillators (RBWOs) through 3-D particle-in-cell simulations. With a short rise time, the axially symmetrically mode is excited, the frequency spectrum is pure for both RBWOs, and phase synchronization between the two microwaves is realized. As the rise time increases, asymmetric modes appear in one or two channels, mode competition occurs, and phase synchronization cannot be achieved. This can be explained as the transient excitations in the RBWOs initiated by the current variation in beam head, whose magnitudes are inversely proportional to the rise time. It is suggested that phase synchronization can be obtained at a larger voltage rise time in the RBWOs with stronger resonant characteristics. Furthermore, an external signal can suppress the asymmetric mode and control the relative phase of output microwaves in the two RBWOs.
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