Abstract
A new coupling method, immersed moving boundary–discrete element method–lattice Boltzmann method (IMB-DEM-LBM), is proposed to simulate particle flow for application in soil mechanics or coastal engineering. In this study, LBM fluid is simulated on the regular Eulerian grid and Lagrangian particle motion is governed by DEM while IMB couples the two algorithms. The new method is promising and robust as it resolves numerical instability near the particle boundary caused by mesh distortion in the conventional grid method. In IMB, the interface lattice solid fraction determines the distribution function ratio of non-equilibrium bounce back and Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision. The non-equilibrium bounce back at moving boundary results in the fluid momentum change and contributes to the hydrodynamic force on particle. For numerical stability, this paper introduces the hydrodynamic force calculation concept from IB (immersed boundary method) to IMB, and at the same time, proposes a new solid fraction calculation method for sphere that divides the intersection into simple sector and triangle, as well as calculates the intersection area by vector. With this method, approximate inaccuracy is overcome while complicated integration is avoided.
Highlights
Particle flow exists in various fields, such as submarine granular flows, particle settlement, fluid beds combustion, motion of blood cells, and so on
Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) and adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) techniques were proposed to reorganize the boundary grid [1]; finite element method (FEM) still suffers additional error in force coupling between fluid and particle
Interface lattice distribution function collision is associated with solid fraction, and momentum exchange on the particle boundary is introduced to calculate the hydrodynamic force reaction on the particle
Summary
Particle flow exists in various fields, such as submarine granular flows, particle settlement, fluid beds combustion, motion of blood cells, and so on. Because moving boundary has an influence on background grid flag change, it is easy to simulate the fluid-structure interaction problem such as particle flow with a suitable coupling technique. Interface lattice distribution function collision is associated with solid fraction, and momentum exchange on the particle boundary is introduced to calculate the hydrodynamic force reaction on the particle. Based on all of the previous mentioned algorithms, this paper proposes an accurate, understandable, and easy to code solid fraction calculation scheme for sphere particles, Appl. Based on all of the previous mentioned algorithms, this paper proposes an accurate, understandable, and easy to code solid fraction calculation scheme for sphere particles, which is highly feasible for all kinds of interaction modes. Body force is a common phenomenon, such as gravity and electronic field, and in Poiseuille flow, the pressure difference is presented by body force, adding an additional term associated with body force density F to the BGK model, as shown in Equation (12)
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