Abstract
Here, we studied the particle release rate during Electrostatic spray deposition of anatase-(TiO2)-based photoactive coating onto tiles and wallpaper using a commercially available electrostatic spray device. Spraying was performed in a 20.3m3 test chamber while measuring concentrations of 5.6nm to 31μm-size particles and volatile organic compounds (VOC), as well as particle deposition onto room surfaces and on the spray gun user hand. The particle emission and deposition rates were quantified using aerosol mass balance modelling. The geometric mean particle number emission rate was 1.9×1010s−1 and the mean mass emission rate was 381μgs−1. The respirable mass emission-rate was 65% lower than observed for the entire measured size-range. The mass emission rates were linearly scalable (±ca. 20%) to the process duration. The particle deposition rates were up to 15h−1 for <1μm-size and the deposited particles consisted of mainly TiO2, TiO2 mixed with Cl and/or Ag, TiO2 particles coated with carbon, and Ag particles with size ranging from 60nm to ca. 5μm. As expected, no significant VOC emissions were observed as a result of spraying. Finally, we provide recommendations for exposure model parameterization.
Highlights
Nanocoatings are highly transparent layers of polymers, metals or ceramics, which are typically below 100 nm, that can offer protection from ice formation, pollutants, UV-light, fire, heat, bacteria, marine life, wear and corrosion [1,2,3,4]
The wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis (WDXRF) analyses of the liquid product confirmed the composition given by the supplier within a range of a few ppm
The geometric mean particle diameter of primary TiO2 particles observed in agglomerates measured from TEM-images of the reference material was 5.5 nm with a standard deviation of 1.5 nm (n = 21)
Summary
Nanocoatings are highly transparent layers of polymers, metals or ceramics, which are typically below 100 nm, that can offer protection from ice formation, pollutants, UV-light, fire, heat, bacteria, marine life, wear and corrosion [1,2,3,4]. Photocatalytic oxidation of TiO2 generates free radicals which induces redox reactions of absorbed substances and changes surface properties to super-hydrophilic, which can be cleaned efficiently with water [6,9]. These two properties make photocatalytic surfaces self-cleaning, antimicrobial, and oxidative for organic pollutants [1,2,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
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