Particle dynamics study in the wake of Kerguelen Island using thorium isotopes

Abstract

In the context of the KErguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study (KEOPS, 19 January–13 February 2005), particle dynamics were investigated using thorium isotope measurements over and off the Kerguelen plateau. Dissolved and particulate 230Th and 232Th samples were collected at nine stations. Dissolved excess 230Th concentrations ( 230Th xs) vary from 0.5 to 20.8 fg/kg and particulate 230Th xs concentrations from 0.1 to 10.0 fg/kg. Dissolved and particulate 232Th concentration ranges are 16.8–450.2 pg/kg and 3.8–502.8 pg/kg, respectively. The 230Th xs concentrations increase linearly with depth down to the bottom at most of the plateau stations and down to 1000 m at the off-plateau stations. This linear trend is observed down to the bottom (1550 m) at Kerfix, the open-ocean “upstream” station located west of the Kerguelen plateau. A simple reversible scavenging model applied to these data allowed the estimation of adsorption rate constant ( k 1≈0.2–0.8 year −1), desorption rate constant ( k −1≈1–8 year −1) and partition coefficients (average K=0.16±0.07). Calculated particle settling velocities S deduced from this simple model are ca. 500 m/year at most of the plateau stations and 800 m/year at all the off-plateau stations. The plateau settling velocities are relatively low for such a productive site, compared to the surrounding HNLC areas. The difference might reflect the fact that lateral advection is neglected in this model. Taking this advection into account allows the reconstruction of the observed 230Th xs linear distributions, but only if faster settling velocities are considered. This implies that the 1D model strongly underestimates the settling velocity of the particles. In the deep layers, the occurrence of intense boundary scavenging along the escarpment due to bottom sediment re-suspension and interaction with a nepheloid layer, yielding a removal of ∼50% of the Th stock along the northwestward transect, is suggested.