Abstract
This chapter serves as introduction to particle accelerators used in medicine. Many types of particle accelerator were built for nuclear and particle physics research and most of them have also found some use in medicine, mainly in treatment of cancer with ionizing radiation. Two categories of particle accelerator are known: electrostatic based on charged particle acceleration with electrostatic fields and cyclic based on particle acceleration with electromagnetic fields. The chapter is devoted to a brief discussion of machines used in charged particle acceleration and production of ionizing radiation beams for use in medicine. The chapter starts with x-ray tubes: (Crookes, Coolidge, and carbon nanotube) and continues with brief descriptions of betatron, cyclotron, microtron, synchrotron, and synchrotron light source. The last section of the chapter deals with clinical linear accelerator, the principal machine of modern radiotherapy.
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