Particition of Sodium-potassium Adenosine Triphosphatases in Homeostasis Regulation

Abstract

A literature review presented an analysis of data regarding the mechanisms of the Na pump in nephron and hormonal regulators of enzyme activity, including enzymatic catalysts. Investigating the regulatory mechanisms of metabolic processes can facilitate the development of new strategies to repair various pathological conditions. Among these functional proteins, Na+/K+ATPase is responsible for the regulation of hydroionic homeostasis and signaling. Ion transport in different parts of the nephron is mediated via sodium transporters, which are characterized by a clear topographical expression. In the oligomeric Na+/K+ATPase molecule, the α-subunit comprises 10 transmembrane domains and performs a catalytic function. The signal function of Na+/K+ATPase and its interaction with the molecular environment in lipid microdomains involve rafts and caveolae. Analysis of the literature data demonstrated an important function of Na+/K+ATPase, along with its interaction with caveolin-1, in the regulation of intracellular cholesterol traffic. Moreover, reciprocal interactions of enzymes and cholesterol have been indicated. The status of Na+/K+ATPase activity is affected by hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation (LPO), increased cholesterol concentrations, and the viscosity of the cytoplasmic membrane. Ecological pollutants, including heavy metals, have significant effects on enzyme activity in nephron, hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. Thus, available literature data indicate an important role of Na+/K+ATPase in the regulation of metabolic processes.