Participatory Guarantee Systems in Peru: Two Case Studies in Lima and Apurímac and the Role of Capacity Building in the Food Chain

Nathalie Binder,Christian Vogl

doi:10.3390/su10124644

Abstract

Participatory guarantee systems (PGS) are an emerging strategy in the organic farming and agroecology movement for ensuring the sustainable origin of food. This study focused on the perspectives of stakeholders involved in PGS in Peru (Lima and Apurímac) in order to acquire a greater understanding of how these PGS operate and the context in which they are embedded. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used for data collection in 2016. PGS in Peru have a fairly centralized pyramid structure, with non-governmental organizations and regional farmers’ associations the main driving forces behind PGS implementation. Improved access to markets and additional commercialization channels are major motivations for farmers to participate in PGS, but major difficulties in these two areas are still being encountered in both regions. There is a high demand among farmers for technical training. Farmers acting as internal evaluators play a special role in their local nuclei and are crucial in the PGS process. The PGS in Lima and Apurímac are an important tool in the agro-ecological movement in Peru and offer considerable potential for the support of small-scale farmers. However, there is a need for official recognition and support together with improvements in internal organization and communication for PGS to be able to maintain their principles.

Highlights

Certification as a tool for reducing information asymmetry along the agri-food chain (Reference [1], p. 45) has become a major driving force in the global regulation of organic agriculture
The latter contains all statements about Participatory guarantee systems (PGS) that refer to its structure, genesis, legal framework or examples from practice that were classified as non-judgmental
The start-up of a PGS in Peru was perceived to be heavily driven by non-governmental organization (NGO) or the national organic farmers’ association (ANPE)

Summary

Introduction

Certification as a tool for reducing information asymmetry along the agri-food chain (Reference [1], p. 45) has become a major driving force in the global regulation of organic agriculture. 45) has become a major driving force in the global regulation of organic agriculture. Participatory guarantee systems (PGS) and internal control systems (ICS)—both group certification systems—are currently the two most widely known certification systems that are recognised by the International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements (IFOAM). In ICS, a group of farmers initially establishes a quality management system with internal standards, and within this group compliance of production and processing with these standards is evaluated, usually by trained internal inspectors. An external control body assesses the system’s functioning and compliance with organic farming regulations in the relevant target market for group members’ products, for example through random inspections of a particular proportion of the farmers and processing sites [3,4]

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