Participatory action research and visual and digital methods with refugees in Kampala, Uganda: process, ethical complexities, and reciprocity

Abstract

Though there are some studies that have adopted participatory action research (PAR) approaches in sport, physical activity, and forced migration research, there remains a need for further examination of the ethical complexities associated with PAR and the use of visual and digital methods. The purpose of this paper is to outline the process of conducting PAR using visual and digital methods with refugees in Kampala, Uganda, and to identify and discuss key ethical complexities and considerations. The paper provides an overview of the methodology employed for this study, including specific steps taken prior to, during, and after the implementation of fieldwork. Key ethical moments of importance are highlighted. The paper concludes by suggesting ways forward for broadening conversations about the ethics of the use of visual and digital methods in studies of sport, physical activity, and forced migration research.