Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the schoolchildren diet and associated factors.Methods: Cross-sectional study with children from public schools in Southeast of Brazil, aged eight to 12 years old. A questionnaire was applied to the students to investigate anthropometric data, eating and lifestyle habits and food consumption. The consumption of UPF was evaluated by two 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR) of non-consecutive days, and the NOVA method was adopted for food classification. The sample was estimated considering the percentage of total caloric value from UPF identified by a similar study (n=260). The association between variables was evaluated by Simple and Multiple Logistic Regression.Results: The average energy consumption was 1992 kcal/day, 25.2% from UPF. Schoolchildren had a mean of 9.8±0.5 years of age, 53.4% were female and 32.6% were overweight. The most consumed UPF were industrialized pastas, sweet biscuits, sausages, chocolate powder and soft drinks. In the multivariate model, schoolchildren who have the habit of TV watching during meals and those with obesity presented 1.87 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.03-3.39) and 2.05 (95%CI 1,01-4.20) times more chance of having higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, respectively.Conclusions: The contribution of UPF was expressive in the feeding of the students and it was positively associated with the excess of weight and with the habit of eating while watching television. These findings indicate the importance of nutritional interventions to promote healthy habits, thus preventing overweight during childhood.
Highlights
In recent years, the high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been observed among Brazilian schoolchildren.[1]
Children who were absent on the day of data collection (n = 101), those who refused to participate in the study (n = 2), or those who had compromised mental health that made their report unfeasible according to the pedagogical teams (n = 31) were not evaluated
There was an average of 9.2 ± 2.8 years of education, and 51% had an income per capita less than or equal to half the minimum wage
Summary
The high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been observed among Brazilian schoolchildren.[1]. The main purpose of ultra-processing is to create products that are ready for consumption, and this often includes the use of substances such as sugars and fats, which increase the energy density of these foods and make them hyper-palatable.[3] UPF have been widely used by families, considering their practicality and children’s high acceptance of them.[2,3,4]
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