Abstract
Milk is considered to be one of the main food sources of calcium for promoting growth and bone health in children and adolescents. This study investigated whether or not participation in a school milk program affected milk consumption and nutrient intake by middle school students in South Korea. In total, 692 middle school students aged 13–16 years old were enrolled in two groups: the school milk program participant group (n = 346) and the non-participant group (n = 346). The survey examined normal milk consumption status in both groups. The diet record method was applied to analyze the amount of nutrient intake levels. Milk/dairy product consumption was significantly higher in the school milk program participant group for both boys and girls (p < 0.001). The school milk program participant group also generally showed higher energy and dietary nutrient intake levels as compared to the non-participant group for both genders (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in milk consumption at home or outside school, and calcium intake from animal-derived foods was higher in the school milk program participant group (p < 0.001). Therefore, it can be assumed that participating in the school milk program directly resulted in higher calcium intake. Hence, we can report that participating in the school milk program contributes to increased milk consumption and improved the overall nutrient intake.
Highlights
Consumption of dietary nutrients has a critical impact on the growth and health of adolescents.Since milk contains various essential vitamins and minerals with high bioavailability, consuming milk during adolescence is important for bone growth and general health promotion
Since no significant differences were observed for milk consumption at home and outside school, these results indicates that the difference in milk consumption occurred at school as a result of the school milk program
This study examined dietary nutrient intake by considering participation of middle school students in South Korea in a school milk program
Summary
Consumption of dietary nutrients has a critical impact on the growth and health of adolescents. According to the 2017 Korean National Health And. Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES), the per day average milk consumption levels in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in Korea were 191.8 g for boys, 149.0 g for girls, and 171.5 g on average [11]. Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES), the per day average milk consumption levels in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in Korea were 191.8 g for boys, 149.0 g for girls, and 171.5 g on average [11] This indicates that milk consumption in Korean adolescents does not meet the recommend Dietary. A prior study showed that the average daily dietary calcium intake of students who participated in the school milk program was 1.5 times higher than that of students who did not participate [16]. We undertook this study to examine the effects of the school milk program on nutrient intake by middle school students in South Korea and demonstrate the contribution and positive effects of the school milk program on calcium intake
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