Participant observation as a research method in anthropology: Advantages and constraints

Abstract

Intrested in various aspects of man and his existence, antropologists have developed a large number of qualitative and quantitative research approaches, strategies, methods and techniques for empirical studies both past and present physical and sociocultural features of humans - their differences and similarities, particularities and universals - many of which take place in natural settings. Emphasizing the importance of research question as a starting point in the choice of proper method of research in anthropology, the paper is focused on consideration of the participant observation as the particular type of observational method of data cellection in anthropology - particulary, in cultural (social) anthropology and ethnology. The main purpose of the paper is (1) to point out the advantages and constraints of this method and (2) to suggest the ways in which these methodological constrains could be minimize. In conclusion, it is stressed that the central methodological problem with this kind of research is balancing adequate subjectivity with adequate objectivity of observer-as-participant.