Abstract
Motion can compromise image quality and confound results, especially in pediatric research. This study evaluated qualitative and quantitative approaches to motion artifacts detection and correction, and whether motion artifacts relate to injury history, age, or sex in children with mild traumatic brain injury or orthopedic injury relative to typically developing children. The concordance between qualitative and quantitative motion ratings was also examined. Children aged 8-16years with mild traumatic brain injury (n = 141) or orthopedic injury (n = 73) were recruited from the emergency department and completed an MRI scan roughly 2weeks post-injury. Typically developing children (n = 41) completed a single MRI scan. T1- and diffusion-weighted images were visually inspected and rated for motion artifacts by trained examiners. Quantitative estimates of motion artifacts were derived from FreeSurfer and FSL. Age (younger > older) and sex (boys > girls) were significantly associated with motion artifacts on both T1- and diffusion-weighted images. Children with mild traumatic brain or orthopedic injury had significantly more motion-corrupted diffusion-weighted volumes than typically developing children, but mild traumatic brain injury and orthopedic injury groups did not differ from each other. The exclusion of motion-corrupted volumes did not significantly change diffusion tensor imaging metrics. Results indicate that automated quantitative estimates of motion artifacts, which are less labour-intensive than manual methods, are appropriate. Results have implications for the reliability of structural MRIresearch and highlight the importance of considering motion artifacts in studies of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.
Highlights
Pediatric mild traumatic brain injury is a major global public health concern that affects millions of children annually (Gilchrist et al, 2011; Langlois et al, 2006; Mayer et al, 2017; Ruff et al, 2009)
Motion artifact is relevant to pediatric mTBI, both because motion is inversely associated with age in typically-developing (TD) children (Afacan et al, 2016; Alexander-Bloch et al, 2016; Blumenthal et al, 2002; Ducharme et al, 2016; Rosen et al, 2018; Satterthwaite et al, 2013), and because behaviors associated with increased motion (e.g., impulsivity, hyperactivity; (Gerring et al, 1998; Lee et al, 2008) are associated with increased susceptibility to injury (Alosco et al, 2014)
The overall pattern of results suggests that children with mTBI or orthopedic injury (OI) were more similar than either group was to the TD children, but that the groups generally did not differ substantially in terms of motion artifacts (Beauchamp et al 2017; Wilde et al 2018)
Summary
Pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a major global public health concern that affects millions of children annually (Gilchrist et al, 2011; Langlois et al, 2006; Mayer et al, 2017; Ruff et al, 2009). Motion artifact is relevant to pediatric mTBI, both because motion is inversely associated with age in typically-developing (TD) children (Afacan et al, 2016; Alexander-Bloch et al, 2016; Blumenthal et al, 2002; Ducharme et al, 2016; Rosen et al, 2018; Satterthwaite et al, 2013), and because behaviors associated with increased motion (e.g., impulsivity, hyperactivity; (Gerring et al, 1998; Lee et al, 2008) are associated with increased susceptibility to injury (Alosco et al, 2014). This study evaluated qualitative and quantitative approaches to motion artifacts detection and correction, and whether motion artifacts relate to injury history, age, or sex in children with mild traumatic brain injury or orthopedic injury relative to typically developing children. The concordance between qualitative and quantitative motion ratings was examined
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