Abstract
Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) has received considerable attention for its various bioactive functions. The injection of d-galactose can cause aging-related injury which is usually resulted from oxidative stress on tissues and cells. In this study, d-galactose (200 mg/kg/day) was injected into rats, and the protective effects of PHGG (500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg/day) against oxidative damages, as well as its probiotic functions, were analyzed. The results showed that PHGG treatment at a concentration of 1500 mg/kg/day greatly reduced the levels of lactic acid, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, advanced glycation end products, and increased the telomerase activity, by 7.60%, 9.25%, 12.28%, 14.58%, and 9.01%, respectively. Moreover, PHGG significantly elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the content of malondialdehyde in rat serum and brain. The oxidative damage was also significantly alleviated in the liver and hippocampus and the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and choline acetyltransferase also increased. Furthermore, PHGG treatment could significantly regulated the expression of sirtuin 1, forkhead box O1, and tumor protein p53 in the hippocampus. It also increased the levels of organic acids and improved the composition of intestinal microbiota. These findings demonstrated that PHGG treatment could effectively alleviate the oxidative damage and dysbacteriosis.
Highlights
Aging is a natural process that involves the gradual loss of physiological functions, causing enhanced morbidity and mortality due to various diseases
Compared with the model control (MC) group, the contents of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and lactic acid in the high-dose Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) (H-PHGG) group were decreased by 14.58% (p < 0.05), 9.25% (p < 0.05), 12.28% (p < 0.05), and 7.60%, respectively, and telomerase in the medium-dose (M-PHGG) group and H-PHGG group was significantly increased by 13.66% (p < 0.05) and 9.01%, respectively
The levels of brain total antioxygenic capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) in the M-PHGG group were significantly increased by 44.15% and 15.02%, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased by 30.40% compared with the MC group
Summary
Aging is a natural process that involves the gradual loss of physiological functions, causing enhanced morbidity and mortality due to various diseases. One prevalent theory to explain aging is the theory of the oxygen free radical, which was first proposed by Harman in 1956 [4] This theory posits that the macromolecules (such as nucleic acids, lipids, sugars, and proteins) that make up cells and tissues are subjected to oxidative stress induced by superoxide and other free radicals. These macromolecules undergo different degrees of oxidation, which initiates oxidative damages and leads to organ function impairment and aging [5,6]. D-galactose overload has been used to establish animal models used to conduct aging related metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress [8,9]
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