Abstract
Up to date, most metalworking fluids (MWFs) are emulsions made of petroleum-derived oil bases and sodium petroleum sulphonate emulsifiers. They are not readily biodegradable, and their waste is hazardous for users and the environment. Therefore, green MWFs are required for achieving cleaner production processes. Recently, various MWFs have been developed using vegetable oil bases to meet biodegradability to some extent. However, the emulsifier has been scarcely replaced by a green product. This research aims to produce and evaluate Pickering emulsions made of Jatropha oil (JO) and partially deacetylated and fibrillated chitin (PDFC) as emulsifiers at different concentrations. JO is a non-edible biodegradable oil with remarkable lubricity properties, while PDFC is produced by extracting chitin from waste heads and shells of the shrimp species Litopenaeus vannameii, followed by partial deacetylation and further fibrillation, which improves wettability and stabilization. The prepared emulsions were characterized in terms of creaming index and size of emulsion droplets and evaluated as MWFs in actual turning operations of AISI 1018 steel bars via minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique. The findings suggest PDFC as a potential eco-friendly emulsifier to form green MWFs with acceptable stability generating low cutting forces and significant workpiece finishing and chips quality.
Highlights
There has been huge interest in the utilization of natural waste products and biopolymers, namely shrimp, seeds, soybean meal, etc. [1,2,3,4], to replace conventional products that cause pollution and damage to the environment by their production, use and waste
Apart from being a food-grade material, biodegradable, biocompatible and nontoxic, some chitin-derived nanomaterials have been proven as good stabilizers for high internal phase Pickering emulsions [8,9,10,11,12]
Chitin-based Pickering emulsions can be used in a wide range of industrial applications requiring good stabilization, accessibility, cost-efficiency, abundance and green practices
Summary
There has been huge interest in the utilization of natural waste products and biopolymers, namely shrimp, seeds, soybean meal, etc. [1,2,3,4], to replace conventional products that cause pollution and damage to the environment by their production, use and waste. [1,2,3,4], to replace conventional products that cause pollution and damage to the environment by their production, use and waste In this sense, chitin is an insoluble copolymer of N-acetylglucosamine, and glucosamine is an abundant natural biodegradable polymer on earth. Chitin is an insoluble copolymer of N-acetylglucosamine, and glucosamine is an abundant natural biodegradable polymer on earth It is present in the structural components of arthropod exoskeletons or in the cell walls of fungi and yeast [5]. Individual nanofibril-like chitin is usually assembled in bundles via strong hydrogen bonding It can be isolated through partial deacetylation and subsequently mechanical nanofibrillation to obtain positively charged chitin nanofibrils, which have an increased wettability at the interface, favoring Pickering stabilization [10]. Chitin-based Pickering emulsions can be used in a wide range of industrial applications requiring good stabilization, accessibility, cost-efficiency, abundance and green practices
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