Partial Purification and Characterization of Chromate Reductase of a Novel Ochrobactrum sp. Strain Cr-B4

Abstract

Hexavalent chromium contamination is a serious problem due to its high toxicity and carcinogenic effects on the biological systems. The enzymatic reduction of toxic Cr(VI) to the less toxic Cr(III) is an efficient technology for detoxification of Cr(VI)-contaminated industrial effluents. In this regard, a chromate reductase enzyme from a novel Ochrobactrum sp. strain Cr-B4, having the ability to detoxify Cr(VI) contaminated sites, has been partially purified and characterized. The molecular mass of this chromate reductase was found to be 31.53 kD, with a specific activity 14.26 U/mg without any addition of electron donors. The temperature and pH optima for chromate reductase activity were 40°C and 8.0, respectively. The activation energy (Ea) for the chromate reductase was found to be 34.7 kJ/mol up to 40°C and the activation energy for its deactivation (Ed) was found to be 79.6 kJ/mol over a temperature range of 50–80°C. The frequency factor for activation of chromate reductase was found to be 566.79 s−1, and for deactivation of chromate reductase it was found to be 265.66 × 103 s−1. The reductase activity of this enzyme was affected by the presence of various heavy metals and complexing agents, some of which (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA], mercaptoethanol, NaN3, Pb2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+) inhibited the enzyme activity, while metals like Cu2+ and Fe3+ significantly enhanced the reductase activity. The enzyme followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics with Km of 104.29 µM and a Vmax of 4.64 µM/min/mg.