Abstract
Various ZrO2 with pure tetragonal, monoclinic, and mixed phases were used as carriers of gold nanoparticles for an exploration to production of propylene oxide (PO) in co-presence of propylene with H2 and O2. Catalysts with similar gold dispersion (2–5 nm gold particles) were prepared by a deposition–precipitation method. 100% selectivity to PO was obtained for the first time over non-titanium-supported Au catalysts on both tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 supports, which needs a good match of nanogold and active sites (quite possible hydroxyls connected with Zr4+). However, Au/tetragonal ZrO2 benefits PO formation that could be accelerated by hydroxyl groups while Au/monoclinic ZrO2 generates more acrolein and suppresses CO2 formation. The active sites for the production of PO are speculated to be Au and Zr-O rectangular pyramids in ZrO2, similar to that on TiO2 and acrolein appears on the Au near oxygen vacancies.
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