Abstract
Concomitant with advances in technology, the number of systems and devices that utilize image data has increased. Nowadays, image processing devices incorporated into systems, such as the Internet of things, drones, and closed-circuit television, can collect images of people and automatically share them with networks. Consequently, the threat of invasion of privacy by image leakage has increased exponentially. However, traditional image-security methods, such as privacy masking and image encryption, have several disadvantages, including storage space wastage associated with data padding, inability to decode, inability to recognize images without decoding, and exposure of private information after decryption. This article proposes a method for partially encrypting private information in images using FF1 and FF3-1. The proposed method encrypts private information without increasing the data size, solving the problem of wasted storage space. Furthermore, using the proposed method, specific sections of encrypted images can be decrypted and recognized before decryption of the entire information, which addresses the problems besetting traditional privacy masking and image encryption methods. The results of histogram analysis, correlation analysis, number of pixels change rate, unified average change intensity, information entropy analysis, and NIST SP 800-22 verify the security and overall efficacy of the proposed method.
Highlights
With continuing advancements in the development of image processing equipment, image data, such as images of people, are increasingly being collected and used in various fields
These results show that the proposed method yields NPCR and unified average change intensity (UACI) values similar to those obtained through image encryption using block cipher (AES)
We proposed a method for partially encrypting private information, such as faces and body parts, in images using the format-preserving encryption standards FF1 and FF3-1
Summary
With continuing advancements in the development of image processing equipment, image data, such as images of people, are increasingly being collected and used in various fields. Removal and deformation involve deleting data in a specific area or modifying data using arbitrary values These privacy masking techniques all involve overwriting data in the original image. We propose a partial image encryption method using format-preserving encryption that can protect information requiring privacy and utilize images while overcoming these problems. The proposed method does not result in an increase in the amount of data due to the application of padding when encrypting only part of an image. Section ‘‘Related work’’ gives an overview of image processing systems, traditional privacy masking methods, image encryption methods, and format-preserving encryption. Section ‘‘Proposed method’’ describes the proposed new method for encrypting parts of images using format-preserving encryption. Section ‘‘Security evaluation’’ presents the results of security analyses and other comparisons of the proposed method with existing image-security techniques.
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