Abstract
The gall fly larva Eurosta solidaginis utilizes a freeze tolerant strategy in overwintering. As seasons progress from autumn to winter, the third instar stage of the fly increases its production of polyols, thereby decreasing the equilibrium freezing point of the aqueous compartments. Proton NMR studies of the intact larvae and of hemolymph-like solutions indicate an increase in proton mobility in the −25 to −45 °C range. This increase in apparent mobility is due to a glass transition as confirmed by DSC studies. This study identifies for the first time that a freeze-tolerant insect enters a partial amorphous (glassy) state following freezing encounters. A novel strategy of cryoprotection is described that is of relevance in understanding the overall mechanism of animal cell/tissue tolerance to freezing.
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