Partial Discharge Analysis of SF6/N2 Gas Mixture Filled MV Circuit Breaker Using Time–Frequency Map Clustering Technique

Abstract

Breakdown of gas insulated switchgears due to partial discharges (PD) is a major threat for the safe and reliable operation of power system network. In recent times, PD based diagnostics has been widely adopted by electrical utilities in order to evaluate the health of high voltage insulation system. However, very few reports are only available on the PD characteristics of gas insulated medium voltage (MV) circuit breaker prototypes, in particular with mixture of gases, over a wide range of pressure and voltage stress. Deep analysis of nature of PD signals in mixture of gas insulation and its time–frequency characteristics is important in order to develop efficient online condition monitoring systems for circuit breakers. This paper is aimed at the analysis of PD characteristics of a 22 kV MV circuit breaker prototype filled with SF6/N2 gas mixtures using time–frequency (T-F) mapping and clustering technique. PD tests are carried out at different gas pressures (1–5 bar) and at different gas mixture ratios. Important PD parameters such as PD inception voltage, phase resolved PD (PRPD) pattern and PD repetition rate are evaluated. Clustering analysis of PD signals from the time–frequency mapping is carried out and formation of three different clusters consisting of short, long and repetitive PD pulses is identified. Online real time monitoring of individual cluster density will be helpful to understand the degradation of gas insulation of circuit breakers. Keeping in mind the minimal usage of SF6 gas, from the results, it is noted that 10% SF6 gas can be mixed with 90% N2 at 3 bar pressure to get satisfactory PD performance of a 22 kV medium voltage circuit breaker.