Partial characterization of the hemolytic activity of the nematocyst venom from the jellyfish Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye

Abstract

Using a recently developed technique to extract jellyfish venom from nematocysts, the present study investigated the hemolytic activity of Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye nematocyst venom on chicken erythrocytes. Venom extract caused a significant concentration-dependent hemolytic effect. The extract could retain its activity at −80 °C but was unstable when kept at 4 °C and −20 °C for 2 days. The hemolytic activity was inhibited by heating within the range of 37–100 °C. The extract was active over a pH range of 5.0–8.63 and the pH optima for the extract was 7.8. Incubation of the venom with sphingomyelin specially inhibited hemolytic activity by up to 70%. Cu 2+ and Mn 2+ greatly reduced the hemolytic activity while Mg 2+, Sr 2+ and Ba 2+ produced a relatively low inhibiting effect on the hemolytic activity. Treatment with Ca 2+ induced a concentration-dependent increase in the hemolytic activity. In the presence of 5 mM EDTA, all the hemolytic activity was lost, however, the venom containing 1.5 mM EDTA was stable in the long-term storage. PLA 2 activity was also found in the nematocyst venom of C. nozakii. These characteristics provide us a fundamental knowledge in the C. nozakii nematocyst venom which would benefit future research.