Partial characterization of a novel anti-inflammatory protein from salivary gland extract of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum 77Acari: Ixodidae) ticks.

Mayukh Ghosh,Arun K Sangwan,Nirmal Sangwan

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2015.772-776

Abstract

Aim:Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks transmit Theileria annulata, causative agent of tropical theileriosis to cattle and buffaloes causing a major economic loss in terms of production and mortality in tropical countries. Ticks have evolved several immune evading strategies to circumvent hosts’ rejection and achieve engorgement. Successful feeding of ticks relies on a pharmacy of chemicals located in their complex salivary glands and secreted saliva. These chemicals in saliva could inhibit host inflammatory responses through modulating cytokine secretion and detoxifying reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the present study was aimed to characterize anti-inflammatory peptides from salivary gland extract (SGE) of H. a. anatolicum ticks with a view that this information could be utilized in raising vaccines, designing synthetic peptides or peptidomimetics which can further be developed as novel therapeutics.Materials and Methods:Salivary glands were dissected out from partially fed adult female H. a. anatolicum ticks and homogenized under the ice to prepare SGE. Gel filtration chromatography was performed using Sephadex G-50 column to fractionate the crude extract. Protein was estimated in each fraction and analyzed for identification of anti-inflammatory activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was run for further characterization of protein in desired fractions.Results:A novel 28 kDa protein was identified in H. a. anatolicum SGE with pronounced anti-inflammatory activity.Conclusion:Purification and partial characterization of H. a. anatolicum SGE by size-exclusion chromatography and SDS-PAGE depicted a 28 kDa protein with prominent anti-inflammatory activity.

Highlights

Ticks are obligatory ectoparasites that exclusively feed on their host blood
A novel 28 kDa protein was identified in H. a. anatolicum salivary gland extract (SGE) with pronounced anti-inflammatory activity
Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum tick is one of the most important ectoparasite of cattle and buffaloes with a wide host range because it acts as a vector of Theileria annulata causing tropical theileriosis [1,2]

Summary

Introduction

Ticks are obligatory ectoparasites that exclusively feed on their host blood. Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum tick is one of the most important ectoparasite of cattle and buffaloes with a wide host range because it acts as a vector of Theileria annulata causing tropical theileriosis [1,2]. An unapparent infection of indigenous cattle and buffaloes, has emerged as one of the lethal disease of taurine cattle and their crosses especially due to large scale cross-breeding programs [3]. The estimated annual loss in terms of production and mortality in India by T. annulata alone accounts US$384.3 million [4]. Control of tick infestation stipulates instantaneous consideration and intense research for improved livestock production. Ticks have evolved series of strategies to circumvent host defenses during

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