Partial bladder reconstruction with pedicled rectus and gracilis muscle flaps: an experimental study in dogs

Abstract

To investigate the functional, anatomical and histopathological results of partial bladder reconstruction with skeletal muscle flaps. Partial bladder reconstruction with gracilis or rectus muscle flaps was performed in 10 mongrel dogs. Bladder compliance and uninhibited contractions were investigated in five female dogs. Pre-operative and post-operative cystograms were performed in four female dogs. The dogs were killed 8-12 weeks after the operation. Bladders and muscle flaps were grossly examined and removed for histopathological examination. There was no extravasation on post-operative cystography. Bladder compliance was normal and uninhibited contractions were not present. Severe contracture and atrophy of the muscle flaps were observed in all dogs at necropsy. Bladder volumes were not changed significantly (P > 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed severe mesenchymal metaplasia in all of the flaps. Partial reconstruction of the bladder with skeletal muscle flaps did not result in extravasation and bladder function was not altered. However, bladder volume could not be increased because of contracture and atrophy of the flaps.