Abstract
It is hypothesized that the sudden but short-lived explosion of investment and building activity in Babylonia during the late Parthian period is reflected in a microcosm at Nippur. The impetus for the activity was Vologases I's desire to secure greater control over international trade by curbing the expansionist policies of Characene. Rome also had desires to control the trade and this was the main motive behind Trajan's invasion of Parthia in A.D. 116. Osroes of Elymais was awarded Babylonia as a fiefdom in return for his opposition to Trajan. After a brief period of prosperity following the peace settlement Nippur and Babylonia were abandoned by their garrisons when they were called to face the Romans again in Syria after A.D. 165.
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