Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus exhibits tolerance to a great extent against abiotic stresses including high light intensities. In this study, P. hysterophorus was subjected to three different light intensities viz. control (CL, 250 µmol photons m−2 s−1), moderately high (ML, 500 µmol photons m−2 s−1) and high (HL, 1000 µmol photons m−2 s−1) for assessment of biochemical and physiological responses at 3 and 5 days after treatment (DAT). Proteomic responses were also observed at 5 DAT. Level of oxidative stress marker, abundance of H2O2 and O2− was highest in leaves exposed to HL followed by ML treatment. Biomass accumulation, photosynthetic parameters, chloroplast and mitochondrial integrity were also affected by both ML and HL treatments. Differential protein expression data showed modulation of thirty-eight proteins in ML and HL intensities. P. hysterophorus exhibited good ability to survive in ML then HL treatment as demonstrated by enhancement of the antioxidant system and photosynthesis. Furthermore, P. hysterophorus mobilized some key proteins related to calcium signaling, which in turn coordinate physiological homeostasis under stress. Proline and total soluble sugar content were high under stress; however, results of simulated experiment of our study indicate such accumulation of osmolytes may inhibit photon-availability to chloroplast. These results clarify our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the light stress tolerance of P. hysterophorus.
Highlights
Light is one of the primary essential environmental factors that affect growth and development of plants
As compared to control plants, TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) increased 46% and 57% under moderate light (ML) and 62% and 93% under high light (HL) at 3 days after treatment (DAT) and 5 DAT, respectively (Fig. 1)
Accumulation of H2O2 was highest in the leaf after 5 DAT of HL followed by ML as compared to controls as well as 3 DAT of stressed plant
Summary
Light is one of the primary essential environmental factors that affect growth and development of plants. Weeds are generally much more tolerant to abiotic stresses[15] Among such plants is an invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Congress grass or Gajar Ghas), a member of the Asteraceae. It has special morpho-physiological and biochemical adaptabilities, stress tolerance and biosynthesizes novel secondary metabolites for its own defence[16,17,18]. A comparative account of levels of oxidative stress, histochemical detection of ROS, osmolyte accumulation, calcium content, cellular antioxidant capacity, chlorophyll content, chloroplast and mitochondrial ultrastructure, photosynthesis related parameters and biomass accumulation data accompanying physiological responses to moderate and high intensities of lights has been analyzed for P. hysterophorus
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