Abstract

ranged from 10 to 20 times a day, including brief movements of the right shoulder. We diagnosed his right shoulder and upper limb movement as dyskinesia by ictal video EEG recordings. His consciousness during the seizure was maintained, and there was no postictal confusion. The precipitating factor seemed to be tense situations. Ictal EEG showed no epileptic discharge or electrodecremental pattern in all leads during the seizure. Before, during, and after the ictal period, a 9 –10 Hz background rhythm in the occipital area continued, and movement artifacts were seen. Interictal, ictal, and postictal EEG showed no other abnormality (e.g., theta or delta waves). An MRI showed no abnormality, and interictal SPECT (ECD) showed slightly lowered perfusion in the bilateral parietal area. We found no blood electrolyte imbalances or biochemical abnormalities. We tried phenytoin, clonazepam, zoni

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