Parks and outdoor recreation.

Abstract

AbstractThis chapter reviews several conceptual frameworks that can be used to understand the challenges in managing outdoor recreation and to organize thinking about managing outdoor recreation in national parks. Those frameworks include: the dual mission of parks; common property resources; carrying capacity; limits of acceptable change; indicators and standards of quality; the threefold framework of parks and recreation; and the recreation opportunity spectrum. A management-by-objectives framework, which can be used to guide management of parks and outdoor recreation, is then presented.