Abstract
Background: To explore the changes of neuroinflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their correlation with monoamine neurotransmitters in Parkinson’s disease (PD) with depression (PD-D) patients.Methods: Neuroinflammatory factors and neurotransmitters in CSF were measured and compared between PD with no depression (PD-ND) and PD-D groups. The relationship between PD-D and neuroinflammatory factors was studied by binary logistic regression equation, and the related factors of PD-D were adjusted. The correlations of the levels of neuroinflammatory factors and neurotransmitters in PD-D group were analyzed.Results: The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in CSF from PD-D group were significantly higher and there were no significant differences in the levels of interleukin-1β, prostaglandin (PG) E2, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO). The 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) score was positively correlated with the level of TNF-α in CSF. Binary logistic regression showed that the OR of CSF TNF-α level was 1.035 (95% CI 1.002–1.069). The level of dopamine (DA) in CSF of PD-D group was significantly lower than that in PD-ND group. TNF-α level was negatively correlated with DA level in CSF from PD patients (r = −0.320, P = 0.003).Conclusions: Neuroinflammatory factors, especially TNF-α, may play an important role in PD-D. It may cause damage to DA neurons and lead to the depletion of DA, which is related to the occurrence and development of PD-D.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with a number of characteristic motor symptoms, including rest tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and gait and postural instabilities (Jankovic, 2008)
HAMD-24 was used to assess the depressive symptoms of PD patients; the levels of neuroinflammatory factors, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL6, prostaglandin (PG)E2, and neurotransmitters, including DA, 5-HT, and NE in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), were measured and compared between PD with depression (PD-D) and PD with no depression (PD-ND) groups; the correlations among the score of HAMD-24, the levels of neuroinflammatory factors, and neurotransmitters in PD-D group were analyzed
Demographic variables, the scores of motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were compared between PD-D and PD-ND groups (Table 1)
Summary
Neuroinflammatory factors and neurotransmitters in CSF were measured and compared between PD with no depression (PD-ND) and PD-D groups. The relationship between PD-D and neuroinflammatory factors was studied by binary logistic regression equation, and the related factors of PD-D were adjusted. The correlations of the levels of neuroinflammatory factors and neurotransmitters in PD-D group were analyzed
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