Parkinson Hastalarında Halusinasyon ve Risk Faktörleri

Abstract

Objective: Hallucination is one of the non-motor symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD). Several factors may affect the presence of hallucination. In the present study, we aimed to compare PD patients presenting with and without hallucinations, to determine risk factors, and to find out common hallucination types.Material and Methods: Idiopathic Parkinson patients regarding to UK Parkinson Disease Society Brain Bank with and without hallucinations were compared. The patients with psychotic symptoms due to metabolic, infectious, and structural causes were excluded. Disease severity was evaluated by Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr staging. Cognitive status was assessed by Minimental State Examination test. Depression was diagnosed on the basis of DSM-V Tr. Description of hallucination, treatment, co-morbidity, sleep disturbances, REM sleep behavioral disorder, age, gender, scores of test and scale, stage of disease were recorded.Results: A total of 91 (59 female, 32 male) patients with idiopathic PD were enrolled. The group with hallucinations (Group 1) had 40 (43.9%) patients and the one without hallucinations (Group 2) had 51 (54.9%) patients. Total score of Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale was significantly higher in Group 1 than Group 2 (37.83±16.65; 30.18±14.83; p=0.028). Sleep disturbances were high in Group 1 (n=24, 60%) when compared to Group 2 (n=14, 27.4%) (p=0.007). The mean duration of hallucinations was 24.87±56.47 months in Group 1. Twenty-one patients (23.9%) had visual hallucinations; 15 (16.5%) patients had illusions (minor hallucinations); and four (4.4%) patients had auditory hallucinations.Conclusion: Disease severity in Parkinson's disease may be a factor in the presence of hallucinations. Hallucinations may also occur with sleep disorders. Minor hallucinations are frequently observed in early stages, with visual hallucinations being the most common hallucinations that may occur in every disease stage.