Abstract
Parity-violating and time-reversal conserving (PVTC) and parity-violating and time-reversal-violating (PVTV) forces in nuclei form only a tiny component of the total interaction between nucleons. The study of these tiny forces can nevertheless be of extreme interest because they allow to obtain information on fundamental symmetries using nuclear systems. The PVTC interaction derives from the weak interaction between the quarks inside nucleons and nuclei and the study of PVTC effects opens a window on the quark-quark weak interaction. The PVTV interaction is sensitive to more exotic interactions at the fundamental level, in particular to strong CP violation in the Standard Model Lagrangian, or even to exotic phenomena predicted in various beyond-the-Standard-Model scenarios. The presence of these interactions can be revealed either by studying various asymmetries in polarized scattering of nuclear systems, or by measuring the presence of non-vanishing permanent electric dipole moments of nucleons, nuclei and diamagnetic atoms and molecules. In this contribution, we review the derivation of the nuclear PVTC and PVTV interactions within various frameworks. We focus in particular on the application of chiral effective field theory, which allows for a more strict connection with the fundamental interactions at the quark level. We investigate PVTC and PVTV effects induced by these potential on several few-nucleon observables, such as the longitudinal asymmetry in proton-proton scattering and radiative neutron-proton capture, and the electric dipole momentsof the deuteron and the trinucleon system.
Highlights
The interaction between nucleons is at the heart of nuclear physics and has been a subject of great scientific interest for many decades
The study of Parity-violating and time-reversal conserving (PVTC) signals in nuclei is interesting since it derives from the non-leptonic weak interactions between quarks
A solid understanding of the manifestation of PVTC interactions at the nuclear level would give us confidence in the analysis of the more exotic parity-violating and time-reversal-violating (PVTV) case and other beyond the standard model (BSM) nuclear observables
Summary
The interaction between nucleons is at the heart of nuclear physics and has been a subject of great scientific interest for many decades. In addition to the bulk PCTC interactions mentioned above, nuclear forces feature much tinier components, which originate from the weak forces between quarks and/or physics beyond the standard model (BSM) and whose strength is smaller than that of the strong and EM interactions by many orders of magnitude These tiny components are, extremely interesting since investigation of their effects may shed new light on fundamental symmetries and BSM physics. The corresponding nuclear forces and current operators are defined in terms of non-iterative parts of the scattering amplitude, which are free from the above mentioned enhancement They can be derived from the effective chiral Lagrangian in a systematically improvable way via a perturbative expansion in powers of Q/ χ [4, 5]. We briefly discuss the origin of the PVTC and PVTV interactions and summarize the current experimental and theoretical status of research along these lines
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