Abstract
The Paris Climate Agreements and Sustainable Development Goals, signed by 197 countries, present agendas and address key issues for implementing multi-scale responses for sustainable development under climate change—an effort that must involve local, regional, national, and supra-national stakeholders. In that regard, Continental Carbon Sequestration (CoCS) and conservation of carbon sinks are recognized increasingly as having potentially important roles in mitigating climate change and adapting to it. Making that potential a reality will require indicators of success for various stakeholders from multidisciplinary backgrounds, plus promotion of long-term implementation of strategic action towards civil society (e.g., law and policy makers, economists, and farmers). To help meet those challenges, this discussion paper summarizes the state of the art and uncertainties regarding CoCS, taking an interdisciplinary, holistic approach toward understanding these complex issues. The first part of the paper discusses the carbon cycle’s bio-geophysical processes, while the second introduces the plurality of geographical scales to be addressed when dealing with landscape management for CoCS. The third part addresses systemic viability, vulnerability, and resilience in CoCS practices, before concluding with the need to develop inter-disciplinarity in sustainable science, participative research, and the societal implications of sustainable CoCS actions.
Highlights
The Paris Agreement (Drafted at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)) aims for preventing the global average temperature from exceeding pre-industrial levels by more than 2 ◦C before the year 2100
Negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be achieved by three main processes: natural processes, chemical transformation—or mineral carbonation—and engineering technics
Progress has been made on Carbon Capture and Storage technology (CCS) to capture more than 80 to 90% of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from power plants, challenges to assess and reduce environmental risks and high costs remain
Summary
The Paris Agreement (Drafted at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)) aims for preventing the global average temperature from exceeding pre-industrial levels by more than 2 ◦C before the year 2100. Progress has been made on Carbon Capture and Storage technology (CCS) to capture more than 80 to 90% of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from power plants, challenges to assess and reduce environmental risks and high costs remain Those risks and costs involve capturing, transporting and storing CO2 into geological formations and water bodies bottoms [2,3,4]. Silicates rocks release CaO and MgO minerals which react with CO2 to form carbonates These processes are enhanced by crushed rock amendment containing calcium and magnesium on crop or forest soils [5,6,7]. These amendments favour carbon sequestration potential at affordable costs and could have positive co-benefits (e.g., P availability), especially in acid soils [3]. Even if these technics seem safe and Sustainability 2020, 12, 6715 affordable, research are still needed to assess their benefits and externalities taking into account all of the system, including logistics and transports of the crushed rocks to the soils [4]
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