Abstract
Recent research has affirmed the need to examine contextual influences on adolescent substance use in a multilevel framework. This study examined the role of neighborhood opportunities for substance use in promoting adolescent substance use. Data came from two components of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods: the Longitudinal Cohort Study, consisting of interviews with youth and their primary caregivers across three waves of data with an average span of 4.5years; and a Community Survey of neighborhood residents. Analysis used an Item-Response Theory-based statistical approach on 6556 substance use item responses from 1639 youth (49.0% female) within 80 neighborhoods to assess the extent to which neighborhood opportunities for substance use had direct and indirect effects on adolescent substance use. Neither direct nor mediated effects of neighborhood opportunities for substance use on adolescent substance use were detected. But, analyses revealed moderating effects such that higher levels of neighborhood opportunities for substance use: (1) amplified the detrimental effects of parental substance use and peer substance use on youth substance use; and (2) attenuated the protective effect of adolescents' perceived harm of substance use on adolescent substance use. The results suggest that the ways in which neighborhood characteristics impact adolescent behavior are nuanced. Rather than impact individual-level outcomes directly, neighborhood context may be particularly relevant by conditioning the effects of salient individual-level risk and protective factors for substance use.
Highlights
Marihuana and illicit drugs in young Mexicans: Factors of risk and protection associated to the starting age in the consumption
Este análisis fue considerado debido a que la variable de respuesta es una variable que puede presentar censura, es decir, no todos los participantes en la encuesta pudieron haber experimentado el evento de consumir sustancias (Clark, Bradburn, Love, & Altman, 2003)
& Crano, 2011; Kosterman, Hawkins, Guo, Catalano, & Abbott, 2000; Van Ryzin, Fosco, & Dishion, 2012; Velleman & Copello, 2005; Villegas-Pantoja, Alonso Castillo, Alonso Castillo, & Martínez Maldonado, 2014), por lo que es importante que los programas de prevención se fortalezcan y estén dirigidos hacia la familia, ya que de esta manera no sólo se previene el consumo de
Summary
Subtitle: Factors of risk and protection, associated to the starting age in the consumption. [en]: Risk and protective factors for age of onset of marijuana and illicit drug use in Mexican youth [es]: Factores de riesgo y protección asociados a la edad de inicio del consumo de marihuana y drogas ilícitas en jóvenes mexicanos. [en]: age of onset; cannabis; illicit drugs; risk factors; delinquency [es]: edad de inicio; cannabis; drogas ilícitas; factores de riesgo; delincuencia. Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo y protección asociados a la edad de inicio del consumo de mariguana y drogas ilícitas en jóvenes mexicanos. Tener un par consumidor de marihuana fue el factor más fuertemente asociado al inicio de consumo. A pesar de las diferencias de factores en cada modelo, tener un par consumidor de marihuana y el consumo previo de tabaco (variable moderadora) resultaron los factores más fuertemente asociados en ambos modelos
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