Parents Are Accurate Reporters of Their Preschoolers' Fruit and Vegetable Consumption under Limited Conditions

Abstract

Objective To assess the accuracy of parents as reporters of both their own and their 2- to 5-year-old children's fruit and vegetable intake. Design Observational study with a 1-meal intake assessment by an independent observer, followed by a telephone survey to determine the previous day's consumption using a 29-item fruit, juice, and vegetable food frequency questionnaire. Setting Two separate meal assessments in community-based settings. Participants A convenience sample of 61 parent-child dyads from Eastern Missouri was recruited from a school health fair and the Parents as Teachers program. The mean age of the parents was 31.1 years, and 91% were female. The mean age for children was 39.0 months, and 60% were female. Variables Measured Parent and child fruit and vegetable intake. Analysis Interobserver agreement using a kappa statistic. Results Parents accurately reported their children's intake on most fruits and vegetables (kappa = 0.59-0.61). Parents were the least accurate in recalling the consumption of raisins from oatmeal cookies (kappa = 0.05) and 100% juice (kappa = 0.17). Conclusions and Implications Parents can serve as accurate proxies to report fruit and vegetable consumption by their preschoolers on a food frequency questionnaire used to determine intake for the previous day. This can be a helpful evaluation method for research involving young children.