Abstract
On average, Latino adolescents in the United States (U.S.) are at an elevated risk for developing internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and engaging in binge drinking. Latino youth in rural U.S. contexts may be particularly at risk. Parent–adolescent relationships may be associated with each of these indicators of maladjustment, as well as the co-occurrence of these issues. In the current study, adjustment profiles based on internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and binge drinking among 198 Latino adolescents (Mage = 15.90, SD = 1.47) living in rural areas of the United States were examined. Further, the association of adjustment profiles with parental behavioral involvement, parental monitoring, and familial ethnic socialization was tested. Four adjustment profiles emerged from a cluster analysis (i.e., low risk, internalizing risk, externalizing risk, co-occurring risk). Results indicated that adolescents in the co-occurring risk profile reported the lowest levels of parental monitoring compared to the other three profiles, lower familial ethnic socialization compared to the low risk and internalizing risk profiles, and lower parental behavioral involvement compared to the internalizing risk profile. The findings have implications for family-based, culturally informed interventions to encourage positive adjustment among Latino adolescents in rural areas of the United States.
Highlights
Compared to other ethnic–racial groups in the United States (U.S.), Latino adolescents are at an elevated risk for mood disorders and internalizing symptoms (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012)
Depressive symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and binge drinking were entered into the model
No study has examined how parenting practices are associated with adolescent adjustment profiles
Summary
Compared to other ethnic–racial groups in the United States (U.S.), Latino adolescents are at an elevated risk for mood disorders and internalizing symptoms (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012). Co-occurrence of internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and substance use is well documented in research with adolescents and may point to underlying vulnerabilities and points of intervention (Chan et al 2008). In order to develop more holistic and effective intervention strategies, research is needed to identify (1) how internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and substance use co-occur and (2) predictors of patterns of adjustment profiles among U.S Latino adolescents. Latino families are increasingly migrating to rural areas in the United States due to employment in agriculture. Cultural stressors such as acculturative stress and ethnic–racial discrimination can be exasperated in rural contexts (Raffaelli and Wiley 2012). Cultural stressors are linked to internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and substance use among Latino adolescents (Cano et al 2015)
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