Abstract
Important gender differences still persist in many labor market outcomes. This paper argues that the design of parental leave policies can play an important role in shaping these differences. A summary of the literature reveals that extended maternity leave mandates increase female labor force participation at the cost of lower wages, less presence of women in high-profile occupations and a more traditional division of tasks within the family. Periods of leave exclusively reserved for fathers are proposed as a policy instrument to increase men's participation in family tasks and facilitate women's progress in the professional career. The paper concludes with a revision of these policies and their implications for gender equality.
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