Abstract
Identification of individuals at risk of hypertension development based on socio-economic status have been inconclusive, due to variable definitions of low socio-economic status. We investigated whether educational status of individuals or their parents predicts prevalent hypertension in young adult population, by analyzing data of more than 37,000 non-institutionalized subjects from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 to 2017. Although low educational status of individual subjects was robustly associated with elevation of systolic blood pressure and increased prevalence of hypertension in general population, its impact on prevalent hypertension differed across age subgroups, and was remarkably attenuated in young adults. Parental educational status was significantly associated with prevalent hypertension in young adults, but not or only marginally in elderly population. Low parental educational status was also associated with high sodium intake in young adults, irrespective of subject’s own educational status. These collectively indicate that parental educational status, rather than individual’s own educational status, better and independently predicts prevalent hypertension in young adults, and that young adults with low parental educational status are prone to intake more sodium, possibly contributing to the increased risk of hypertension development. We expect that our findings could help define young individuals at risk of high sodium intake and hypertension.
Highlights
Identification of individuals at risk of hypertension development based on socio-economic status have been inconclusive, due to variable definitions of low socio-economic status
Estimated glomerular filtration rate were more preserved in subjects with longer educational years, no clear trend was observed between the prevalence of proteinuria and the subject’s educational status
We discovered that low parental educational status predicts prevalent HTN in young adults, but not in the middle-aged and elderly population
Summary
Identification of individuals at risk of hypertension development based on socio-economic status have been inconclusive, due to variable definitions of low socio-economic status. We investigated whether educational status of individuals or their parents predicts prevalent hypertension in young adult population, by analyzing data of more than 37,000 non-institutionalized subjects from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 to 2017. Low educational status of individual subjects was robustly associated with elevation of systolic blood pressure and increased prevalence of hypertension in general population, its impact on prevalent hypertension differed across age subgroups, and was remarkably attenuated in young adults. Some of those factors are determined and only measurable later in adulthood, it is necessary that more simple and definitive criteria of high risk young individuals with HTN development should be presented In this context, here we report low parental educational status as an independent risk factor of prevalent HTN in young adults, which is an essentially simple and pre-determined socio-economic condition. By analyzing a nation-wide survey data from more than 37,000 non-institutionalized subjects, we demonstrated that parental educational status better predicts the prevalence of HTN than the subject’s own educational status, especially in young adults
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