Parent child directed speech in dyadic and triadic interaction: Associations with co-parenting dynamics and child language outcomes

Abstract

This observational study compares the child directed speech (CDS) of mothers and fathers to toddlers in the context of dyadic and triadic interaction. Further the influence of observed co-parenting dynamics on parental triadic speech and associations with child language are explored. Seventy-three toddlers (M = 24.1 months, SD=1.37; 37 girls) and their parents were recorded in dyadic and triadic free play in a laboratory setting. All speech from the interactions was transcribed and analyzed for quantitative and qualitative features. Child language ability was measured using the Bayley Scales. Videos of triadic interactions were coded for co-parenting quality. Only fathers’ dyadic CDS was associated with child language in dyadic interaction. No aspect of mothers’ dyadic CDS or of mothers’ or fathers’ CDS in triadic interaction was associated with child language in interaction. Fathers’, but not mothers’, vocabulary in triadic interaction was associated with supportive co-parenting. Fathers may be more influenced by co-parenting dynamics than mothers. Triadic interaction may facilitate different aspects of child language development.