Parathyroidectomy for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism in a changing landscape for the management of end-stage renal disease

Abstract

BackgroundThe landscape of patients with end-stage renal disease is changing with the increasing availability of kidney transplantation. In the near future, a less aggressive approach to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism might be beneficial. We report outcomes of parathyroidectomy for end-stage renal disease–related hyperparathyroidism comparing the outcomes of limited, subtotal, and total parathyroidectomy. MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Patients were divided into 3 parathyroidectomy subgroups: limited (<3 glands removed), subtotal (3–3.5 glands), and total (4 glands) parathyroidectomy. Primary outcome was serum levels of parathyroid hormone. Secondary endpoints were serum levels of calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase, postoperative complications, and persistent or recurrent disease rates. ResultsIn total, 195 patients were included for analysis of whom 13.8% underwent limited parathyroidectomy, 46.7% subtotal parathyroidectomy, and 39.5% total parathyroidectomy. Preoperative parathyroid hormone levels (pg/mL) were 471 (210–868), 1,087 (627–1,795), and 1,070 (475–1,632) for the limited, subtotal, and total parathyroidectomy groups, respectively (P < .001). A decrease in serum parathyroid hormone was seen in all groups; however, postoperative levels remained greater in the limited parathyroidectomy group compared to the subtotal and total parathyroidectomy groups (P < .001). Serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels decreased in all groups to within the reference range. In the limited parathyroidectomy group, persistent disease and recurrence occurred more frequently (P = .02 and P = .07, respectively). ConclusionSubtotal parathyroidectomy is the optimal strategy in an era with an increasing availability of kidney transplantation and improved regimens of dialysis. In this changing practice, the approach to parathyroid surgery, however, might shift to a less aggressive and patient-tailored approach.