Abstract
abstract It is known that cardiovascular risk is increased during exercise and recovery. Thus, it is necessary to assess all the risk associated with exercise to minimize the possibility of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to verify whether a maximal exercise alters ambulatory cardiac autonomic modulation in untrained women and whether aerobic fitness is correlated to cardiac autonomic modulation. Twelve women (25.35 ± 5.44 years) were outfitted with the Holter monitor on an experimental (after maximum exercise) and a control day to heart rate variability (HRV) evaluation. Maximal exercise increased 24 h heart rate (82 ± 14 vs 77 ± 11 bpm; p = 0.04) and during sleep time (72 ± 14 vs. 65 ± 9 bpm; p = 0.01), reduced parasympathetic modulation (HF – n.u. 49.96 ± 11.56 vs 42.10 ± 14.98; p = 0.04), and increased low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (2.88 ± 3.24 vs 1.31 ± 0.60; p = 0.03) during sleep time compared to the control day. Aerobic fitness was correlated positively with LF, HF, and HF (n.u.) indices (r = 0.61 to 0.73, p < 0.05) and correlated negatively with LF (n.u.) and LF/HF ratio (Rho = - 0.57 to - 0.69; p < 0.05). Maximal exercise alters parasympathetic modulation during sleep time in untrained women. Ambulatory cardiac autonomic modulation after exercise is related to aerobic fitness.
Highlights
Heart rate variability (HRV ) and heart rate (HR) after exercise are noninvasive monitoring tools used to assess cardiac autonomic functioning, and important in the cardiac risks stratification[1] even in asymptomatic[2] or healthy[3] individuals
The aim of this study was to verify whether a maximal exercise alters ambulatory cardiac autonomic modulation in untrained women and whether aerobic fitness is correlated to cardiac autonomic modulation.Twelve women (25.35 ± 5.44 years) were outfitted with the Holter monitor on an experimental and a control day to heart rate variability (HRV) evaluation
Considering that sex is a significant predictor of differences in HRV14, that the responsiveness to exercise might be dependent on the resting status, and that several studies analyzed only men[1,10,12,13,15], we suggest here that studies to understand all the risks associated with recovery from maximum exercise be designed to consider sex in order to increase their ecological validity
Summary
Heart rate variability (HRV ) and heart rate (HR) after exercise are noninvasive monitoring tools used to assess cardiac autonomic functioning, and important in the cardiac risks stratification[1] even in asymptomatic[2] or healthy[3] individuals. A sleep variables analysis can be useful in evaluating responses to exercise and for the prescription of an appropriate training program[4]. A recent study has verified that autonomic nervous system alterations during sleep may be present a long time before the onset of a cardiovascular event[5]. Aerobic fitness has been recognized as responsible for adaptations in the cardiovascular and cardiac autonomic system, enabling the individual to adapt and respond more effectively to post-exercise[6,7]. Individuals with little aerobic fitness have a larger cardiovascular window of exposure after physical exercise[8], as well as a need for greater recovery time between exercise sessions. The maximal incremental test is commonly used in clinical practice[9] and for the determination of the maximum oxygen uptake to characterize health status or training[1,10]
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