Parastomal Hernia-the Achilles Heel of a Permanent Colostomy

Abstract

See Article on Page 174-179 The real incidence of parastomal hernia is not well reported, but we assume that it will be much higher than really encountered in clinical practice. A recent prospective study reported a 33% incidence of parastomal hernia [1]. The majority of parastomal hernias are asymptomatic, and only 10% of the patients require surgery. The optimal method for repairing a parastomal hernia has been a debate among surgeons because of the high incidence of recurrence and difficulty in preventing morbidity after the repair. The paper titled Surgical Treatment of Parastomal Hernia in this issue of our journal addressed changing trends in the surgical treatment of parastomal hernias. Direct and relocation of the stoma were the main surgical strategies of early 90s whereas mesh was the newer surgical approach of the late 90s. These treatments were used to not only parastomal hernias but also ventral and inguinal hernias. The so-called tension free repair of the hernia is the recent standard for hernia repair. Theoretically, a mesh either synthetic or biologic is superior to the direct or relocation of the stoma. Direct with the weakened tissues around the stoma is accompanied by the recurrence of the parastomal hernia. This approach is less invasive compare to the relocation of the stoma because we can avoid a laparotomy for the relocation of stoma. However, the application of synthetic mesh around the colostomy is not accepted very well among colorectal surgeons because of the fear of infection. This trend is apparent shown in the paper; the authors did not use mesh for emergency cases. Although the probability of emergency surgery to a parastomal hernia is low, we should define the best treatment option for such an occasion, mesh or no mesh. With the development of bi-layer synthetic meshes and antibiotics, we now used more synthetic meshes to parastomal hernias. Biologic meshes which are known to be resistant to infections are used more commonly in the western countries, but they are rarely used in Korea due to their high cost [2, 3]. Recently published review papers reported a general trend of lower recurrence rates with the use of synthetic meshes or biologic meshes [4, 5]. The rate of surgical infection with synthetic meshes is around 10%, and the infections could be managed with antibiotics. However, there is no general consensus about the surgical techniques for mesh placement, and the follow-up period for mesh in the literature is relatively to short to allow solid conclusions. Laparoscopic approaches were introduced more recently [6-8]. Although a meta-analysis did not find any difference in recurrence rate between the laparoscopic approach and the open approach [7], the minimally invasive procedure should be considered first. We, colorectal surgeons, have a duty to define the right indications for the right patients. The reported recurrence rate for mesh is 11.8%, and the follow-up period for the mesh group was about 30 months. These are very excellent results and reflect the enthusiasm of the authors for parastomal hernia repair. Thus, I would congratulate the superb results of the paper. If a more solid conclusion on the optimal method for surgical of a parastomal hernia is to be reached, nation-wide randomized clinical trials are necessary. I hope members of the Korean Society of Coloproctology will be able to begin such a meaningful trial in the near future.