Abstract
This study evaluated the parasitic fauna of hybrids tambacu (Colossoma macropomum × Piaractus mesopotamicus) and patinga (P. mesopotamicus × Piaractus brachypomus) and their host-parasite-environment interaction during the warm and cold seasons in two fish farms located in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, South America. A total of 120 fish, being 60 fish for species (30 in the warm season and 30 in the cold season) were examined. Water quality was measured weekly to evaluate the interaction between environmental conditions and parasitism. Fifteen species of parasites were found: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Chilodonella hexasticha e Trichodina sp. (Protozoa), Henneguya piaractus, Myxobolus colossomatis and Myxobolus cuneus (Myxozoa); Anacanthorus penilabiatus, Mymarothecium boegeri, Mymarothecium viatorum, and Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenoidea), Goezia spinulosa and Goezia sp. (Nematoda), Echinorhynchus jucundus (Acanthocephala), and Dolops carvalhoi, Lernaea cyprinacea (Crustacea). The ciliate protozoan I. multifiliis and monogenoids were the most prevalent parasites in the cold and warm seasons for both hybrids in the different culture systems intensive production and sportive fishing. It was observed that the serrasalmid hybrids are more susceptible to parasites and harbor high diversity of parasites in relation to the parental species C. macropomum, P. mesopotamicus and P. brachypomus, with a predominance of ectoparasites.
Highlights
Since the 1980s, several hybrids of fish of the family Serrasalmidae have been produced and grown commercially in Brazil and are prominent in the production of continental fish (Porto-Foresti et al, 2013)
The hybrids of greatest interest in the Central region of the country are the tambacu, resulting from the cross induced between tambaqui females (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) and pacu males (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887) and the patinga or papi, resulting from the cross between pacu females (P. mesopotamicus) and pirapitinga males (Piaractus brachypomus Cuvier, 1818) (Porto-Foresti et al, 2013)
Sixty tambacus (30 in the warm season and 30 in the cold season) and 60 patingas (30 in the warm season and 30 in the cold season), were collected from an intensive system located in the municipality of Itaporã (22°20’58.50′′S; 54 ° 46′52.51′′W) and from a semi-intensive system in the municipality of Dourados (21°59′29.12′′S; 54°48′30.00′′W), both in the Grande Dourados region, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Summary
Since the 1980s, several hybrids of fish of the family Serrasalmidae have been produced and grown commercially in Brazil and are prominent in the production of continental fish (Porto-Foresti et al, 2013). The hybrids of greatest interest in the Central region of the country are the tambacu, resulting from the cross induced between tambaqui females (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) and pacu males (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887) and the patinga or papi, resulting from the cross between pacu females (P. mesopotamicus) and pirapitinga males (Piaractus brachypomus Cuvier, 1818) (Porto-Foresti et al, 2013). The increase in industrial production of native and hybrid freshwater fish in Brazil is concentrated in the central and northern regions of the country (Jerônimo et al, 2012) This increase implies cultivation following the intensive production model, which aims at high stocking density and maximum production. The relevance of studies that evaluate the pathogen-host-environment interaction in species with potential for cultivation and commercialization has increased considerably in order to guarantee the improvement in the health conditions of the fish and the production (Jerônimo et al, 2015)
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