Parasitic fauna of domestic cavies in the western highlands of Cameroon (Central Africa).

Marc K Kouam,Emile Miegoué,Terence T Nguafack,Georgios Theodoropoulos,Felix Meutchieye,Joseph Tchoumboué

doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0605-4

Marc K Kouam, Emile Miegoué + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0605-4

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Abstract

BackgroundDomestic cavies (Cavia porcellus) are increasingly reared in rural areas of Cameroon for meat and income generation. Unfortunately, health constraints due to various pathogens including parasites stand as one of the major obstacles to the development of cavy industry in the country. The main objective of this study was to investigate the species of gastrointestinal parasites in cavy husbandry in the western highlands of Cameroon and to detect external parasites in those animals affected with dermatological disorders.MethodsPooled fecal samples were collected from 62 privately-own farms, as well as individual fecal samples from 21 animals at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang, and examined for parasite eggs and oocysts/cysts. Ectoparasites were also collected from cavies and identified.ResultsThe overall infection rate with both helminthes and arthropods was 40.3 %. Ectoparasites were found in 19 out of 62 farms (30.6 %) while 12.9 % of farms were infected with helminthes. Eggs of Graphidium strigosum (8.1 %), Trichostrongylus sp. (3.2 %) and Paraspidodera uncinata (3.2 %) were found at farm level. Oocysts of Eimeria caviae and eggs of Paraspidodera uncinata were found in 14.3 and 9.5 % of examined animals respectively. Concerning ectoparasites, Cordylobia anthropophaga and Pulex sp. were observed in 25.8 % and 6.6 % of farms respectively.ConclusionThe parasites are apparently composed of host-specific species in the original habitat (South America) and species acquired later from other mammals. These parasites are either deleterious to cavy health or zoonotic. Preventive measures should be put in practice to avoid their presence on farms due to their harmful effect on cavy rearing.

Highlights

Domestic cavies (Cavia porcellus) are increasingly reared in rural areas of Cameroon for meat and income generation
Six parasitic species were observed in this study. These parasites are either deleterious to cavy health and/or zoonotic
Three groups of parasites including helminthes, protozoa and insects occur in domestic cavies reared in the western highlands of Cameroon

Summary

Introduction

Domestic cavies (Cavia porcellus) are increasingly reared in rural areas of Cameroon for meat and income generation. The main objective of this study was to investigate the species of gastrointestinal parasites in cavy husbandry in the western highlands of Cameroon and to detect external parasites in those animals affected with dermatological disorders. Domestic cavies commonly known as guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are increasingly becoming popular among farmers in the western highland of Cameroon, as an additional source of income and meat [1]. In western Cameroon highlands region where cavies are mostly kept in a semi extensive system, the basic information on their parasitic fauna is lacking. Parasites of guinea pigs in their original homelands and those kept as laboratory animals are well known but little is known about the parasite fauna of the host species in semi-extensive or intensive conditions in other regions. The main objective of the present study was twofold: 1. to investigate the species of gastrointestinal parasites in cavy husbandry in the western highlands of Cameroon and

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