Abstract
Water is life and access to clean drinking water is a fundamental human right. For human health, drinking water standards and guidelines have been developed to ensure their quality. Waterborne parasites are a great challenge and cause many diseases for humans. Thus, continuous monitoring of drinking water from the competent authorities in search of pollutants is required. The safety of drinking water for the growing population can be ensured by the correct use of water treatment technologies. Cryptosporidium is the first parasite to cause concern to health officials in the world. Also, Naegleria fowleri causes fatal cerebral infection, Acanthamoeba species that cause both cerebral and corneal disease; and Giardia which has heightened world concerns because of its severity. This study is based on highlighting on drinking water quality guidelines and standards published by the World Health Organization and some countries, especially Egypt. A growing concern globally after the scientists revealed the effects of polluted drinking water. So, a large number of the population is at risk of water pollution for the purpose of human access to clean drinking water and other uses.
Highlights
With regard to biological tests for parasites; there was no change from the previous Egyptian standards (ES) No 1588/2005 recognized that potable bottled natural mineral water should be free from primary organisms that pose a threat to health and pathogenic microorganisms including parasites
With regard to biological tests for parasites; there was no change from the previous Egyptian standards (ES) No 1589 of 2005 [61], as the recommended that bottled packaged drinking waters must be fit for human consumption and should be completely free of protozoa that are harmful to health and any non-bacterial microorganisms (Table 6)
Bottled packaged drinking water must be completely free from pathogenic microorganisms and protozoa that are harmful to health
Summary
In a 2017 WHO/UNICEF report [19], 29% of the world’s population (2.1 billion people) in 2015 lacked access to safe drinking water in their homes and more than 3.4 million deaths from water-borne diseases, making them the cause of disease and death around the world. Most of these deaths are young children, about 4000 children a day. The highest priority and goal that all countries seek with the world health organization (WHO) by adopting standards and laws to keep water safe and clean to prevent the spread of the disease as water-borne diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide [7]. In this study conducted in Egypt in 2019, shed light on the risks of contamination of drinking water with pathogenic parasites and focus on some pathogenic parasites such as Acanthamoeba—with a list of some of the standards and laws available and adopted by some countries with emphasis on the Egyptian specifications of drinking water regarding the contaminated parasites of drinking water
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